Units That Make Up the Computer
Units That Make Up the Computer
The units that make up computers are divided into 2 main groups.- Hardware
- Software
What is Software?
Every kind of program that enables the use of a computer is called software.
We can simply divide the software into 2.
- Operating systems
- Application software
Operating systems are software that manage the hardware in the computer, supervise its functioning, and also oversee the operation of all other programs.
There are many operating systems such as Windows, Android, Linux, IOS, Mac OS, BSD, etc.
Application software, on the other hand, are programs that can be installed or removed from the system by the user after the operating system has started, and work in line with the user's purposes.
Games, Calculator, Presentation programs are major examples of application software.
Google Chrome, Office Programs, Steam...
What is Hardware?
Hardware is the name given to all the electronic and mechanical parts that make up the computer.
These are all the physical computer parts such as the screen, keyboard, mouse, motherboard, RAM.
Hardware inside the case is called internal hardware, while hardware outside the case is called external hardware.
External Hardware
Mouse: It is an input device that allows us to move the cursor on the screen and is also known as a pointer.
Keyboard: It is an input device, named according to its arrangement as F and Q, that allows information to be entered into the computer. It is used to send the characters on it to the computer as information.
Screen: It is an output device that allows us to see the results of the operations we do on the computer. There are types such as CRT, LCD, and LED.
Printer: It is an output device that allows us to transfer data from the computer to paper.
Scanner: It is an input device used to transfer pictures, text or shapes to the computer.
Microphone: It is an input device that allows sounds to be transferred to the computer.
Speaker: It is an output device that allows the sounds on the computer to be transmitted to the external environment.
Uninterruptible Power Supply: It is a protection device that provides additional power to the computer in case of a power outage, allowing you to save your work and preventing the computer from being damaged.
Internal Hardware
Motherboard: It is the part that connects all the units together and ensures communication.
All internal hardware is connected to the motherboard.
Processor: It is the hardware where all the logical and numerical calculations in the computer are performed.
Also known as CPU.
While 1 MHz performs 1 million operations per second, 2 GHz performs 2 billion operations per second. 3 GHz processors can perform up to 3 billion operations per second.
Graphics Card: It is the hardware that processes images and transfers the processed images to the screen. The hardware we call GPU is also integrated on the graphics card.
Main Memory: It is a storage unit device where operations made on the computer are temporarily stored.
Also known as RAM.
It has tasks such as enabling fast switching between multiple programs.
Hard Disk: It is a storage device where data on the computer is stored permanently.
It operates slower compared to Main Memory, but it provides much more storage space than Main Memory.
There are types such as HDD, SATA, SSD.
Power Supply: It is the unit that ensures the supply of electricity to the hardware of the computer.
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